International Journal of Applied Science and Research

Kwamba E1 ; Jean Claude N2 ; Kandolo B1

Ecole Régionale de Santé Publique/UCB 2019. CUP : Centre Universitaire pour la Paix.

ABSTRACT:The purpose of this study was to compare the results of studies conducted in Sahel countries (Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria, and Kenya) and those of eastern DRC on family planning. Materials and Method: This is an analytical study of data from eastern DRC, Morocco and some cities in Kenya, Nigeria and Senegal written in 2016, covering beliefs, myths, ideas, level of acceptability on planning practices Family. The overall sample includes 19878 people who participated in age studies (15 to 49 years), by probabilistic sampling, in clusters in two degrees per ecological study; analysis of these data was either descriptive, bivariate or multivariate with a statistical significance threshold of 5%; The Square Chi test is used to compare proportions and logistic regression. Results: In Morocco, the median age was 38 years [19 to 80 years]. (1) Education and positive attitude (p-0.011) were associated with the follow-up of the pregnancy by the spouse (p-0.015). Lack of knowledge of complications (35.1%) was an obstructive factor in the spouse's post-natal consultation (p-0.021). In eastern DRC, the average age of women was 31.25 to 6.7 years. (2) Acceptability was significantly associated with husband's approval and marital dialogue on contraception (p-0.05). The individual belief of Nigerian, Kenyan and Senegalese women in myths is negatively associated with their practice of modern contraception. In Nigeria, the communitylevel myth variable for women is positively associated with modern contraceptive practice (1.6), while the malelevel variable is negatively associated (0.6); neither is associated with modern contraceptive practice in Kenya or Senegal. Conclusion: By strengthening the correct information on the mode of action and potential side effects of modern methods, the prevalence of modern contraception among these women could increase exponentially. Community discussion must be encouraged to weaken myths and increase the practice of modern contraception.

Keyword: sheep; Man, beliefs-myths, risks of childbirth, mother and acceptability-family planning.

1 Rev. Fr. Cayus Maticha Nyarombe a.a., 2 Rev. Fr. Dr John Muhenda, 3 Rev. Fr. Dr. Simon Njuguna, 4 Dr. George Ndemo

1, 2, 3 & 4Department of Philosophy, The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT:The aim of the paper is to examine what evil is from a Traditional African point of view and how they tried to combat it. The reality of evil in our world is questionable. The whole reality of evil has constituted to a large extent lots of discomfort, havoc and other related problems in human life. From a critical point of view, in our present world, the appalling depth and extent of human suffering is evident as experience reveals to us. From a wider perspective, there are many occurrences in nature, for instance, tsunami, volcanic eruptions, floods, earthquakes just to mention but a few; which cause harm and misery/suffering to humanity. Humanity also suffers from sickness, injuries due to all sorts of carnages, terrorist acts as witnessed recently in the Dusit 2 Complex attack here in Nairobi. Across our African continent there are wars (As seen in the Congo, Somalia, South Sudan among other countries) that cause a lot suffering to human life. These painful experiences arouse a number of questions in any sensible person. The prevalent questions one can ask are: Why should this happen to humanity? What is the genesis of these evil acts? How can it be negated? With these questions in mind then, this paper will attempt to unmask through a rigorous and critical examination of the concept of evil from the African standpoint.

Keyword:Evil, Africa, African, Community, Morality, Philosophy.

Prof.Dr. ELSAYED AHMED ELNASHAR, Ph.D.

Full-Professor of Textiles &Apparel, Faculty of Specific Education, Kaferelsheikh University, Egypt. Kaferelsheikh University, El-Geish Street, 33516 Kaferelsheikh City, Egypt,

ABSTRACT:Fabrics constructing designing as harmony in design woven fabric of harness and matrix drafting theory a weaving drawdown is a rectangular quire with at least one black and one white square in each row and column. A pattern results from vertical and horizontal translations of the defining matrix drafting. For apply a variety of matrix drafting geometric and computational tools to improve our understanding of the harness and matrix drafting theory pattern. Although the pattern must have been known for centuries, it was made famous mostly by Beethoven by his symphony no.5 and is still frequently used in many variations. It is a non-exhaustible source of inspiration for fashion designers, any such grid defines a matrix drafting pattern.However, from a woven point of view, some of these matrix drafting define actual fabrics while others correspond to collections of threads that fall apart. the article conclusions at issue, along with a discussion of design weaving fabric representations of fabric structures throw harness and matrix drafting theories , also catalogs all woven patterns defined by matrix drafting having drafting theories columns and four to eight distinct rows, and groups these patterns into design of Beethoven music harmony based on woven symmetries.

Keyword:Beethoven Music, Harmony, Woven,Harness,Drafting, Fabric Design.

1Olugbemi, P.W, and 2Ogunsesin, A. (Ph D)

1Department of Agric. Education Michael Otedola College of Primary Education Noforija, Epe Lagos State. 2Agricultural Development Project Akure, Ondo State.

ABSTRACT:Continuous cropping of same land as a result of pressure on land has seriously declined the fertility level of most farm lands over the years. Hence, there is need to sustain soil fertility through the use of organic fertilizers. However, some of these organic fertilizers can constitute environmental challenges, if not properly managed. Instead they can be diverted to maintain arable soils for fruit vegetable production. The cultivation of okra as a popular fruit vegetable crop in Nigerian diets requires fertile soil for maximum yield. The discharged (slurry) or liquid manure obtained from washing of poultry pen’s floors cannot be stored for future use but be used as fertilizer added to water for irrigating (fertigation) okra field. Therefore an experiment was conducted to assess the different levels of poultry slurry concentration in the irrigation water on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) between January and March, 2017 in Epe, Lagos. The treatments comprises of the control (without poultry slurry application at 0 cl) and five PS (Poultry Slurry) at 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 centiliters (cl) per square meter of land area, The six treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The data were collected on plant height (PH) cm, number of leaves (NL), leaf area (LA) cm2, number of fruits (NF) and fresh pod weight of okra (FPW) g/m2. Applications of PS increased PH and LA of okra in the following order: control (0cl)< 25cl<50cl<75cl<100cl<125cl respectively. The highest NL of okra (11±0.2) under the soil amended with PS (125cl) was higher than the control (5±0.1) and 100 cl PS (9±0.3) by 120.0 and 22.2% respectively. While the NF of okra recorded from PS at 125cl (14±0.4) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control (11±0.1) and PS at 50cl (13±0.5) by 27.3 and 7.7% respectively. Relative to the control, application of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 cl PS significantly increased (P < 0.05) the fruit yield of okra by 51.6, 114.7, 278.9, 290.5 and 305.3% respectively. The result indicated that the higher the PS concentration, the higher the growth and yield of okra. However, the yield of okra recorded under Poultry-Slurry at 125 cl was significantly higher than other treatments and therefore recommended for okra production in Epe, Lagos.

Keyword:concentrations, okra yield, poultry slurry, organic fertilizer.

1Marjohn V. Anislag, 2Ludy G. Alsong, 3EdilmarP. Masuhay,

1, 2 & 3Surigao State College of Technology, Magpayang, Mainit, Surigao Del Norte Philippines

ABSTRACT:– Agroforestry is the combination of agriculture and forestry practices within a farming system. It involves the combination of trees and crops that increase the environmental and economic value of land while sustaining food security. Among the agroforestry systems that would be an effective tool to solve land degradation, poverty and malnutrition is intercropping. Intercropping is a sustainable practice to increase diversity and productivity in farming system. High value agricultural crops like sweet potato and trees like mulberry applied with different fertilization strategies is an efficient intercropping system. This study was laid out in a 4 x 4 following the split plot RCB factorial design replicated three times. The following factors were tested: main plot (V1 – Seven Flores, V2 – Seri Kenya, V3 – Immitlog and V4 - Violeta) and subplot (F0 – No fertilizer application, F1 – RR 100% chicken compost, F2 – RR 100% urea and F3 – 50% RR chicken compost + 50% Urea). Results of the study revealed that as to the effect of sweet potato varieties, Immitlog variety had the highest yield of 6.97 kg per subplot and 55,766.67 kg per hectare. On the effect of fertilization strategies sweet potato plants applied with 50% RR chicken compost + 50% urea had produced the highest yield per subplot of 5.97 kg and 47,766.67 kg per hectare. There was no significant effect in between sweet potato varieties and fertilization strategies on yield of sweet potato as intercropped in mulberry trees. And the plants applied with 100% RR Urea and 100% RR Chicken Compost significantly influenced on the sugar content of the sweet potato tubers as intercropped in mulberry trees.

Keyword:: Sweet Potato Varieties, Mulberry, Fertilization Strategies, Yield and Performance

Sithulisiwe Bhebhe, Nonhlanhla Nothando Moletsane, BandileShabangu

Faculty of Education, University of Eswatini Kwaluseni, Eswatini

ABSTRACT:In the Kingdom of Eswatini, all learners in primary schools, irrespective of their religious background are expected to do Christian-based Religious Education. The purpose of this study was to establish the experiences of learners from non-Christian backgrounds in learning Christian-based Religious Education curriculum in Eswatini primary schools. This study was qualitative in nature, and it used a case study research design to determine the experiences of learners from non-Christian religious backgrounds in learning the Christian-based Religious Education in Eswatini primary schools. Six learners were purposively sampled from each school. The six purposively sampled learners were interviewed in their schoolsettings. Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was then used to analyse the gathered data. The study also revealed thatthe kingdom of Eswatini is multi-religious in nature, but it is anticipated thatall primary school learnerslearn Christianity religion only in their Religious Education classes. It was revealed from the study that learners from non-Christian religious background feel left out by the system while some do not believe in the content taught in this subject. Further, the study concluded that learners from the non-Christian backgrounds believe that the learners from Christian backgrounds have an advantage over them as what they learn at school is what they learn at church as well. The study recommends that the Religious Education syllabus be formulated in such a way that it caters for all religious backgrounds of the learners in schools.

Keyword:Curriculum, Non-Christian religion, Christian-basedEducation, Religious Education, Education

John Ayuekanbey Awaab, Joseph Akanyako, RafiatuImoro

Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Department of Statistics, P. O. Box 767, Ghana, -West Africa, and Department of Marketing, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, P. O. Box 767, Ghana, -West Africa and Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Department of Statistics, P. O. Box 767, Ghana, -West Africa

ABSTRACT:The research paper investigates the trend of the sales of the insurance companies’ products within the Bolgatanga municipality. Time series analysis was conducted on a historic data of sales of the insurance products for six consecutive years, from 2013 to 2018. Box-Jenkins methodology was employed in the study. The study revealed that sales of the insurance companies was best described by quadratic trend and ARIMA(0,2,3). The findings further revealed that, there were significant performances of sales of insurance products between years and among various insurance products within the municipality. The research paper concluded that sales of the insurance products are likely to stagnate in the future as indicated on the forecasted curve. The insurance companies need strategic marketing techniques to help market their products in order to increase sales of their products.

Keyword:Autocorrelation Function, Partial Autocorrelation Function, Stationarity, Parameter Estimation, Parsimonious model and Differencing, Time Series Analysis, Linear trend model and Quadratic trend model,

Joseph Akanyako

Lecturer, Department of Marketing, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Ghana

ABSTRACT:The main objective of this paper was to look at the effect of employee empowerment on service quality in typical commercial bank. Banks like in any service organisation survives by the customers they service. Customers seek for the best service available to do business with. Simple random sampling was employed to select and gather data from 270 customers. Pearson correlation was used to ascertain the relationship between service quality and employee empowerment. Simple regression was further used to measure the contribution of empowerment to service quality. The results showed that there was significant negative correlation between employee empowerment and service quality. It is therefore recommended that management ensure that employees are monitored during the service delivery. Equally important is periodic check at the point of delivery where employees have direct contact with customers

Keyword:Empowerment, service quality, customer satisfaction

Jean Claude N.1,Kasindi M1, Bumba Mwamba O.1,Kwamba E2,Kandolo B5,Zirhumana K.S.3

1 .Centre Universitaire de Paix(C .U .P-BKV) 2. Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Kakenge (I.S.T.M-Kakenge) 3. Institut Supérieur des Arts et Métiers. (ISAM-BKV)

ABSTRACT:SUMMARY Purpose: To in the improvement hygiene in the restaurants in heath Zone nearby Nyawera market,in the Ibanda town. Method: A cross־sectional study was performed from January to July of 2018 about 117buyers, 39 waiters in 13 restaurants around Nyawera market. Data were analyzed with Epi Info 3.5.1 version and collected with a questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic features, knowledge on hygiene and its application. International Journal of Applied Science and Research 81 www.ijasr.org Copyright © 2020 IJASR All rights reserved Results: Majority of restaurant owners attested (61, 5 %) to possess toilets. Most of the investigated people fairly appreciated the condition of toilets in 53,8% most of waiters did the dishes with cold water (61,5%),the cleanliness of waiters and restaurants was the main(motivation) claimed by clients in 41% of cases; the appreciation of cleanliness was bad in 76,9% and was focused mainly on waiters in 43,3%.Most of waiters did not have appropriate clothing in 46,2% and in 43,6% waiters washed once a day their bodies ; restaurant duties were in proportion to waiters number in 66,7%. Most of the waiters took their bath at evening in 85, 5%, the restaurant hygiene was somewhat good in 43, 6% and the hygiene itself was applied willingly in 100%. At last, sanitary measures were observed in 7, 6%. Conclusion: Hygiene of restaurant still de serious in our area, one sensitizing of managers of restaurant and waiters and authorities implication is one of the common solution to resolve that issue or matter. It is that, one among thirteen restaurants respect or apply hygiene rules.

Keyword:Hygiene, Restaurants, in Zone Heath Ibanda and Market.

Kubali.M.V1., Walemba.W.F4, Kasezya.B.S1. Mateso.M.S1. Bazambania.K.S4, Kyanza. S.R1, Muhubao .B. P1., Kaminkya.K.W1., Flasi.N.A2., Tabatundwe. M1., Mingisi.A.S1 , Lwango.N.F.SadikI.L.C3

[1]. Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Shabunda [2]. Centre de Recherche en Sciences naturelles/Lwiro. [3].Agence d’Achat de Performances de Bukavu [4]. Institut Supérieur des Développements Rural de Shabunda. [5].Concile Norvégien pours les Réfugiés, Tanganyika

ABSTRACT:Objective: This research aims at contributing on the education of expensive price of treating some diseases by household refuses in zone health of Kadutu. Materiel and methods: This study is transversal and it started from February to August 2017, with a sample of 384 households. The data collection was done using a questionnaire and Epi- info software version 3.5.2, was used for data analysis. Khi square and Kruskal-Wallis have been applied in order to compare different variables to the significant threshold of 5 %. Results: After the data collection, the following results have been reached to; All the investigated people are now informed about the consequences of bad management of refuse. As one can observe, failing ill is the consequence of that. 43,3 % of the investigated population declared that typhoid fever is the principal disease 37,9 %, followed by cholera 24,5 % and malaria 24,3 %. The price of each of those diseases in kadutu health zone is as follows: Typhoid fever with 3.060 %, cholera 165 dollars and malaria 1370 dollars per month. Conclusion: The price related to the household refuses becomes a serious public health care problem in the health zone of kadutu and Typhoid fever is the pathology touching most of the population living that area and it is a more expensive disease than the others. For all the interveners to think and work more on prevention as a priority (fighting against the risks factors or preventing and adopting conservation attitudes, socioeconomics and cultural ways of living that influence to thigh risk of the diseases.

Keyword:The coast of treatment-Dirtyhands disease-Household refuses-Kadutu halth zone/Bukavu/RDC.

ABURIYA A. DIANA,

Bolgatanga Polytechnic, Department of Secretariaship and Management Studies,Box 767, Bolgatanga, Ghana.

ABSTRACT:This research investigates the perception of both management and employees towards performance appraisal in Technical Universities/Polytechnics in northern Ghana. Performance appraisal is an annual activity and a critical ingredient for accomplishing organizational strategic goals. It enables institutions to compare performance with set targets and exposes the strengths and weaknesses of employees. It influences employees to upgrade their skills and knowledge, and aids management in formulating training and development strategies and in some cases to readjust targets deemed unrealistic. The study involved 120 respondents. The results were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that performance appraisal is invaluable in achieving an institution’s strategic objectives. The promotion of academic and non-academic staff should be contingent upon performance appraisal results alongside further education and publications. Study leave approval should also be based on performance appraisal results.

Keyword:performance appraisal, management, motivation, training, development, promotion, strategic objectives,

Olufemi Osifuye, Zeleke Worku and Mammo Muchie

Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) Business School 159 Nana Street, Pretoria 0001

ABSTRACT:Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip and Wuster (2013) have shown the relationship between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study aims to assess and evaluate the degree of fiscal discipline exercised by employees of the City of Tshwane on municipal finance. Financial practitioners working in the City of Tshwane are required to comply with regulations and guidelines stipulated in the South African Municipal Finance Management Act (Act number 56 of 2003). Data was collected from a stratified random sample of 146 employees of the City of Tshwane who were responsible for providing financial services to customers. Data was collected by using a structured, pre-tested and validated questionnaire of study. Statistical methods such as frequency tables, cross-tab analyses and ordered probit regression were used for performing data analyses. Efficiency in financial management was assessed by assessing the degree of adherence of employees to the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) based on a composite index defined by Kaiser, Crother, Kelly, Luiselli, O’Shea, Ota, Passos, Schleip & Wuster (2013). The study showed that 89% of the 146 employees who were selected for the study demonstrated adequate adherence to the Act, whereas 11% of employees failed to do so by the same standards. The study found that the degree of adherence of employees to the MFMA was significantly influenced by 3 factors. These 3 factors were degree of skills in financial accounting and auditing, duration of service, and degree of job satisfaction, in a decreasing order of strength. The results indicated a robust association between fiscal discipline and the successful completion of municipal projects.

Keyword:City of Tshwane, Fiscal discipline, Project management, Probit regression

1Quintina D.Gono, 2Marilou B. Carnicer, 3Kenneth Charls E. Ferol, 4Lucihida M. Docoy, 5Edilmar P. Masuhay

1, 2, 3&4Surigao State College of Technology (SCCT) – Surigao City Campus 5Surigao State College of Technology (SCCT) – Surigao City Campus

ABSTRACT:This is a descriptive study aimed to develop a fruit juice drink made up of calabash fruit (Cresentiacujete) and evaluate its acceptability. Survey questionnaire was deployed to 120 respondents using random sampling. Results revealed that the calabash fruit juice is generally acceptable with a mean of 3.42. The fruit juice was believed as a potential product in the market.

Keyword: calabash, fruit juice, acceptability

Naledi Nthite and Zeleke Worku

Tshwane University of technology (TUT) Bsuiness School 159 Nana Sita Street, Pretoria 0001, South Africa

ABSTRACT:Small, micro and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs) are vital for growing the South African economy as South Africa is a developing nation. The contribution made by SMMEs is evident in South African Townships and cities. This article highlights the positive impact of financial support of SMMEs located in townships to enhance their success. It has potential of reducing poverty, job creation, growing the economy, introduce innovation. More so SMMEs located in the townships have that ability as well. The motivation of the study is to encourage inclusiveness of SMMEs located in townships. The study used data collected through a validated questionnaire among n250 SMMEs operating within five townships of Tshwane, Gauteng province. The design of the questionnaire is that of open and closed-ended questions. The findings of the study indicated that only 14.4% of the n250 did not have difficulties in securing business funding. It is undoubtedly that financial support is crucial to developing businesses as well as developed businesses. Such support should be structured in a way that it is equally accessible by businesses located in the cities, townships as well as rural areas. When such SMMEs support programs are developed they should be able to encourage accessibility, be tailored for all SMMEs regardless of their location. This study will add value, influence policymakers on how to better support and grow the SMME sector regardless of their location, and mend the success and growth of this sector.

Keyword:: SMME, Tshwane Townships, Non-financial support, Access to finance

Marcellin LUNANGA MUKUNDA

Doctorant au Département de Philosophie, Université de Kinshasa, R.D.CONGO

ABSTRACT:In her book Philosophy and the Darwinian Legacy, Suzanne Cunningham shows that the major currents of twentieth-century philosophy - phenomenology and analytical philosophy - considered the biological theory of evolution to be irrelevant to philosophy. In her analysis, she considers mainly the attitude of Russell, Moore and Husserl towards the theory of evolution, and the reasons they gave for the irrelevance of Darwinism to philosophy. Here we would like to try to ask the same question for the thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein.After recalling the positions of Wittgenstein's masters of thought, Frege and Russell, we will analyze the attitude of Wittgenstein himself. We will try to show that, despite his scepticism towards Darwin, his naturalistic perspective on language could have been easily combined with the biological theory of evolution. We will then try to understand why, in fact, Wittgenstein refused to anchor his thinking to this theory.

Keyword:Wittgenstein, Darwin, theory of evolution, language, logic, naturalism